What is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world?

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Windsor Castle stands out because it has been continuously inhabited for nearly a thousand years and has grown into a huge, working royal residence. Built soon after the Norman Conquest, it has expanded into a vast complex with extensive state rooms, towers, and chapels, and it remains an active home for the monarchy today. That combination of long, ongoing occupancy and large size is what typically makes it described as the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. In comparison, Buckingham Palace is a later, grand palace rather than a medieval castle; Edinburgh Castle is ancient but is not maintained as a large, continuously inhabited royal residence; Leeds Castle is historic and charming but smaller and not on the same scale.